Related: Images: Peering back to the Big Bang & early universeĪrno Penzias and Robert Wilson, both of Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, were building a radio receiver in 1965 and picking up higher-than-expected temperatures, according to NASA. It was first predicted by Ralph Alpher and other scientists in 1948, but was found only by accident almost 20 years later. Sometimes called the "afterglow" of the Big Bang, this light is more properly known as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This allowed light to shine through about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
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Over time, however, the free electrons met up with nuclei and created neutral atoms. "The free electrons would have caused light (photons) to scatter the way sunlight scatters from the water droplets in clouds," NASA stated. This early soup would have been impossible to look at, because light could not carry inside of it. The cosmos now contained a vast array of fundamental particles such as neutrons, electrons and protons - the eventual building blocks or raw material for everything we see today. This was all still within the first second after the universe began, when the temperature of everything was about 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion Celsius), according to NASA. A flood of matter and radiation, known as “reheating,” began the process of populating our universe with the stuff we know today - particles, atoms, stars, galaxies and so on. When cosmic inflation came to a sudden and still-mysterious end, the more classic descriptions of the Big Bang took hold.
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